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Nova Friburgo

Coordinates: 22°16′55″S 42°31′52″W / 22.28194°S 42.53111°W / -22.28194; -42.53111
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Nova Friburgo
Municipality
Municipality of Nova Friburgo
Flag of Nova Friburgo
Flag
Coat of arms of Nova Friburgo
Coat of arms
Location in Rio de Janeiro state
Location in Rio de Janeiro state
Nova Friburgo is located in Brazil
Nova Friburgo
Nova Friburgo
Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 22°16′55″S 42°31′52″W / 22.28194°S 42.53111°W / -22.28194; -42.53111
Country Brazil
RegionSoutheast
State Rio de Janeiro
Government
 • MayorJohnny Maycon (Republicanos)
Area
 • Total
933 km2 (360 sq mi)
Population
 (2022[1])
 • Total
189,939
 • Density200/km2 (530/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−3 (BRT)
HDI (2010)0.745 – high[2]

Nova Friburgo (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈnɔvɐ fɾiˈbuʁɡu]; German: Neufreiburg [nɔʏˈfʁaɪbʊʁk]; English: "New Fribourg"), commonly referred to as just Friburgo, is a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil. It is located in the mountainous region, in the Center Mesoregion of the state, 136 km (85 mi) from the capital Rio de Janeiro. The town is 846 m (2,776 ft) above sea level, with a population of 191,158 (2020) and its area is 933 km2.[3]

The main economic activities are the undergarment industry, olericulture, goat raising, various industries (textile, clothing, metallurgy) and tourism. It is also the coldest city of the state.

History

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Nova Friburgo during Swiss and German settlement, 1820–1830.
Nova Friburgo in 1940
Nova Friburgo in 1964

Up to the 19th century, the region of the present Nova Friburgo was inhabited by Coroado Purí Indians.[4][5] In 1818, King John VI was interested in improving the relationship with Germany, in order to obtain support against the French empire. He then proposed a planned settlement that would promote the civilization in Brazil. A royal decree of May 1818, authorized the Canton of Fribourg of Switzerland,[6] to establish a colony of 100 Swiss families in the Morro Queimado Farm, in Cantagalo District, a place with climate and natural characteristics similar to those in their country.

Between 1819 and 1820, the region was settled by 265 Swiss families, in total 1,458 immigrants. It was named Nova Friburgo (New Fribourg) by the Swiss after the homeland of most of the families.

Following the Independence of Brazil in 1822, the Imperial Government continued the policy of populating the nation by attracting European colonization. Eighty German families previously assigned to settlements in the Province of Bahia, for unknown reasons ended up in Nova Friburgo, where they arrived on the 3 and 4 May 1824.[7] Similar arrivals of Italians, Portuguese and a minority of Syrians led to such population increases that the once village was elevated to city status on 8 January 1890.

In 1872, the Baron of Nova Friburgo brought to the region the Leopoldina Railroad, to allow for the flow of the coffee from Cantagalo. Agriculture was the basis of economic activity until 1910, when the arrival of industrialists pioneered the development of an industrial sector still thriving to the present day. Of similar importance was the relative proximity to Niterói and Rio de Janeiro and the improvement of transport and communication links such as paved roads and telegraph. This encouraged a small tourist industry to grow, which, together with local commerce, became the main source of income for the city.

Nova Friburgo was affected by the 2011 Brazilian floods on 11 January with mudslides causing at least 820 deaths and more than 200 people to go missing in the biggest natural disaster in the history of Brazil. The population was left with no water, electricity, food or gas.[8][9]

Geography

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Climate

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Nova Friburgo during the January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides, which killed at least 214 people in the municipality and at least 610 in total.

Nova Friburgo has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification Cwb), with fresh and dry winters and humid and mild summers. Annual average temperature is 19 °C (66 °F). The hottest temperature ever recorded was 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) on 15 October 1948, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was −1.1 °C (30.0 °F) on 8 August 2014.[10] [11]

Climate data for Nova Friburgo (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 27.9
(82.2) 		28.5
(83.3) 		27.0
(80.6) 		26.1
(79.0) 		23.7
(74.7) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.2
(72.0) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		25.0
(77.0) 		25.8
(78.4) 		26.2
(79.2) 		25.1
(77.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 17.8
(64.0) 		17.7
(63.9) 		17.5
(63.5) 		16.1
(61.0) 		13.0
(55.4) 		10.6
(51.1) 		9.9
(49.8) 		10.8
(51.4) 		12.9
(55.2) 		14.9
(58.8) 		16.2
(61.2) 		17.0
(62.6) 		14.5
(58.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 232.1
(9.14) 		165.2
(6.50) 		154.6
(6.09) 		61.4
(2.42) 		39.8
(1.57) 		32.3
(1.27) 		24.7
(0.97) 		23.7
(0.93) 		52.4
(2.06) 		86.3
(3.40) 		186.1
(7.33) 		221.2
(8.71) 		1,279.8
(50.39)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 14 11 11 7 5 5 4 3 5 9 12 14 100
Average relative humidity (%) 77 78 78 82 82 83 83 81 80 81 80 80 80
Mean monthly sunshine hours 153.2 136.6 157.3 133.2 158.7 132.0 149.1 166.1 139.4 97.3 109.2 143.5 1,675.6
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (precipitation, humidity and sun 1961–1990)[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]

Economy

[edit]
Avenue Alberto Braune, in the center of Nova Friburgo

The city has a strong drive towards tourism due to the landscape, rivers, trails and bucolic spots. It has the second largest network of hotels of the state, after the capital Rio de Janeiro. The urban district is visited for its cold climate, the tranquility and romanticism. However, there are also attractions more distant to the center, which are appreciated by those who are interested in ecotourism and adventure sports like rafting and canoeing. The district of Lumiar is one of the most important sites for these sports in the state.

Nova Friburgo is known as the national capital of the undergarment industry, due to the vast production and variety of models, and the local brands begin to compete in the international market. Other major industries include textile mills and metallurgic industries.

Agriculture is important in the area of olericulture and goat raising, as well as in the production of flowers, of which the municipality is the second largest producer in the country, surmounted only by Holambra, in the state of São Paulo.

The municipality contains part of the Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic of conservation units, created in 2006.[19] It contains 33,992 hectares (84,000 acres) of the 35,038 hectares (86,580 acres) Macaé de Cima Environmental Protection Area, created in 2001.[20]

Tourism

[edit]
Pico Maior de Friburgo, The highest point of Serra do Mar – 2,316 m (7,598 ft).
Três Picos State Park

The main attractions of the city are:

  • Alpine-style architecture of the buildings of MuryShopping, the Bucsky and Garlipp hotels and the restaurant Bräun & Bräun
  • "Casa Suiça" (the Swiss House)
  • Cheese-making school FRIALP
  • District of Lumiar
  • District of São Pedro da Serra
  • Encontro dos Rios (merging of rivers Macaé and Bonito)
  • Gastronomic center, in the district of Mury
  • Getulio Vargas Square
  • Marcilio Dias Square, which marks the beginning of the settlement, for it is the area where the first Germans camped, coming from Europe
  • Nova Friburgo Country Club
  • Park of Furnas do Catete, with the Cão Sentado (Sitting Dog) Stone
  • Pedra Riscada (scratched stone)
  • Saint John Baptist Cathedral
  • Suspiro Square, with the biggest chairlift of the country
  • The municipality contains 19% of the 46,350 hectares (114,500 acres) Três Picos State Park, created in 2002.[21]

Demographics

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  • Population: 202,085
    • Urban: 178,377
    • Rural: 23,708
    • Male: 97,253
    • Female: 104,832

Racial composition

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  • White: 78.3%
  • Pardo (multiracial): 13.9%
  • Black: 7.0%
  • Asian: 0.1%
  • Indigenous: 0.1%
  • 0.5% not reported

(Source: IBGE)

Ethnic groups

[edit]

Portuguese, Swiss, German, Italian, Austrian, Spanish, Lebanese, African, Hungarian, Japanese.

[edit]
  • Alberto Braune Avenue in 1940
    Alberto Braune Avenue in 1940
  • Gloria Hotel (right), 1940
    Gloria Hotel (right), 1940
  • Side view of the school
    Side view of the school
  • Lumiar district, outskirts of Nova Friburgo
    Lumiar district, outskirts of Nova Friburgo
  • Park Hotel
    Park Hotel
  • Três Picos State Park
    Três Picos State Park
  • Campus of Rio de Janeiro State University in Nova Friburgo
    Campus of Rio de Janeiro State University in Nova Friburgo
  • Countryside
    Countryside
  • Horses in a bucolic scene in the rural region of the municipality
    Horses in a bucolic scene in the rural region of the municipality
  • Vale dos Frades (Frades Valley)
    Vale dos Frades (Frades Valley)
  • View of Nova Friburgo from Caledônia peak
    View of Nova Friburgo from Caledônia peak

Notable people

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Sister cities

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[edit]

References

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  1. ^ IBGE 2022
  2. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ IBGE - [1]
  4. ^ Os índios de Sumidouro. Available in http://sumidouro.chez.com/indios.htm. Access on 9 September 2012.
  5. ^ Nova Friburgo entra para a história. Available in http://www.swissinfo.ch/por/specials/Suicos_do_estrangeiro/Nova_Friburgo_entra_para_a_historia.html?cid=875208. Access on 9 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Schweizer Auswanderer und ihre Liebe zur Heimat". Blog zur Schweizer Geschichte - Schweizerisches Nationalmuseum (in German). 16 April 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  7. ^ "Histórico: Comunidade Luterana de Nova Friburgo" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 10 September 2003. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  8. ^ "Death toll mounts from flooding in Rio de Janeiro state". BBC News. BBC. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
  9. ^ Tom Phillips (14 January 2011). "Brazil Landslides Death Toll Rises". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  10. ^ "Friburgo, RJ, registra a temperatura mais baixa dos últimos quatro anos". 8 August 2014.
  11. ^ "Saiba quais foram as maiores temperaturas já registradas em Friburgo e Teresópolis".
  12. ^ "Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  13. ^ "Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)" (in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961–1990. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  14. ^ "Número de Dias com Precipitação Mayor ou Igual a 1 mm (dias)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  15. ^ "Insolação Total (horas)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  16. ^ "Umidade Relativa do Ar Média Compensada (%)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  17. ^ "Temperatura Máxima Absoluta (°C)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet). Retrieved 23 August 2014.[dead link‍]
  18. ^ "Temperatura Mínima Absoluta (°C)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet). Retrieved 23 August 2014.[dead link‍]
  19. ^ Costa, Cláudia; Lamas, Ivana; Fernandes, Rosan (December 2010), Planejamento Estratégico do Mosaico Central Fluminense (PDF) (in Portuguese), Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica, p. 13, archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2016, retrieved 2 October 2016
  20. ^ Luiz Dias da Mota Lima (2014), Plano de Manejo da Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual Macaé de Cima (PDF) (in Portuguese), vol. 1 - Informações Gerais sobre a UC, Rio de Janeiro, p. 20, retrieved 11 October 2016{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  21. ^ PES dos Três Picos (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 3 October 2016
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